MUMT621: Networks

Networks

MUMT 621

Links

Internet Maps

Submarine Internet:

Average depth of ocean: 3,682m
Maximum depth of ocean: ~11,000m
Height of Mount Everest: 8,849m
Tonga's broken Internet cable (2022)

Satellite Internet:

Height of geostationary satellites: 35,786,000m or 240 ms for a round trip
Circumference of earth: 40,075,000 m

Compare:

www.queensu.ca via Toronto (2003-4; 2009-11)
www.washington.edu & www.seattleu.edu
www.ualberta.ca via Vancouver (2003)
www.ubc.ca off CAnet (2008)
www.ubc.ca back on CAnet (2010)
www.apple.com using Akamai server in Toronto (2010)
www.undp.org.fj in USA (2010)
www.fiji.gov.fj hosted by NTT (www.verio.com) in Englewood, CO (2010); in California (2011). Using Terestraglobal.net (2018)
www.mit.edu & www.bu.edu (2016)
traceroute www.nus.edu.sg on cqcounter.com Hong Kong-Australia-Japan-Australia-Singapore (2016)
www.naurugov.nr back on satellite (2018)
Many sites (e.g., www.utoronto.ca, www.ualberta.ca, www.bu.edu) are using Amazon's Cloudfront, a Content Delivery Network (2020).

Tools:

ping
traceroute
nslookup
whois (cqcounter.com: also traceroute)
ip2location
Geobytes

Ping stats

Ping 64bytes minimum (time in ms.)	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2016	2018	2020	2022	2024
www.utoronto.ca	12	24	19	12	12	12	10	9	8	9	9	12	17	20	1.2	1.2	1.8
www.queensu.ca	27	31	7	7	7	7	16	15	10	10	11	19	18	18		1.8	2.1
www.umanitoba.ca	32	33	33	34	34	34	32	32	32	36	32	38	30	29	31	34	33
www.ualberta.ca	80	50	50	50	50	50	48	49	49	54	53	59			1.2	1.4	1.8
www.ubc.ca	63	63	64	N/A	96	78	75	66	66	64	60	66	54				1.6
www.uvic.ca	67	65	66	66	74	69	67	67	67	66	61	68	56	55	64	61	61
www.sfu.ca						63	65	65	65	64	60	67	54	54	62	60
www.stanford.edu	80	98	100	105	92	87	89	87	88	87	83			19	46	1.3	1.9
www.indiana.edu	25	38	39	39	43	45	35	34	36	48	45	45	46	41	47	45	47
www.apple.com	73	101	77	88	92	81	74	9	8	8	9	9	9	20	15	1.4	1.7
www.google.ca				90	14	19	16	28	40	44	24	26	10	8	1.3	1.6	1.8
www.google.com				11	14	19	16	28	40	44	24	24	10	8	1.3	1.6	2.0
www.washington.edu	66	67	67	73	73	70	68	69	69	68	64	69	57	57	67	63
www.seattleu.edu		124	92	108	100	89	88	92	98	100	106	96	47			1.3	1.6
www.seattle.gov														82	84
www.mit.edu		19	20	20	21	18	18	N/A			8	9	10	15	9	9	1.8
www.bu.edu									18	18	18	18	18		1.2	1.3	1.7
www.columbia.edu		14	14	15	15	14	13	13	14	14	15	13	13	13		19	20
www.umd.edu		18	19	19	20	20	20	20	20	21	22			19	1.2	1.2	1.6
www.u-tokyo.ac.jp		192	208	196	199	196	203	203	192	166	174	181	167	170
www.ocha.ac.jp															193	167
www.edu.cn		272.	370	266	338	315	289	275	281	248	257			233		302
www.cuhk.edu.hk		229	243	231	277	256	260	216	215	213	228	212				10	1.8
www.ru.ac.za (South Africa)		418	245	280	304	280	299	354	344	310	306	299	299	262	261	224	224
www.puc.cl (Chile)		178	186	154	152	N/A	175	140	209	212	176	196	159	156	167	166	167
www.ircam.fr		91	91	112	140	134	128	115	104	128	113	112	84	84	90	89	94
www.jncasr.ac.in (Bangalore, India)		378	354	400	274	N/A							236		257		213
www.pdn.ac.lk (Sri Lanka)									355	357	372	375		299	290
www.gov.rw (Rwanda)		651	579	551	618	670	572	287	302	N/A		250	265	252	272	264
www.ku.edu.np (Nepal)		785	745	783	1670	N/A	349	310	359	366	249	322	337	300
www.nus.edu.sg (Singapore)		256	226	226	334	292	279			246	246	287	270	259	8.6	10	9.2
www.uq.edu.au		232	224	248	259	235	219	216	230	229	224	244	232	230	226	224	221
www.yukoncollege.yk.ca demon.gov.yk.ca (2008-)		151	78	83	N/A	87	85	91	88	81	78
www.undp.org.fj (Fiji)			848	826	259	N/A		96		65			2	81	90	93	79
www.fiji.gov.fj (not in Fiji?)			74	80	91	86	80	85	83	78	31	30	32	190	197	227
www.tarena.tj (Tajikistan)						707	663	221	234	248		440	199	230	208	190	190
www.naurugov.nr (Nauru)									732	736	877	756	424	736	365
www.tuvalu.tv (Discovered by J. Chan)									774							1.6	1.7
www.ni.net.nf (Discovered by R. Nam)										808	830	395	273	275	289		215

Europe

Géant (map2004 map2006 map2009 map2010 map2012 map2014)
Global connectivity (map2011 map2012 map2014)
Géant routers (pick an European router and traceroute back to mcgill-gw.risq.net)
Geant2 video (August 2005)
Geant3 video (2009)
Lumen formerly CenturyLink (Level 3) (map)

Asia

Pacific Northwest Gigapop (partners 2004; map2009; map2011; map2012)
Sinet.ad.jp (domestic map world_map) 40Gb; 2016: 100Gb; 2020: 400Gb Sinet6

USA Internet Backbone

Internet2 (Consortium of over 200 (2004); 482 (2022) universities) (
- LAN speed record for IPv4 7.21Gb/sec 2006/02: update)
- Internet2 Land Speed Record History (2007)
- 400Gbps coast-to-coast (2021)
Internet2 Network (replaced Abilene) (map)
- 100Gb
- Provided by Level3 (map)
- Fees
Abilene Network (replaced by Internet2; unplugged 2007/09)
- 10Gb, Internet2 backbone
- Indiana U. Qwest, Cisco, Juniper, Nortel
- Lease from Qwest
National LamdaRail (map) (merger with Internet2 cancelled 2007/11; ceased operation in March 2014)
- 40Gb
- Duke, GIT, Cisco, CENIC, etc.
- Owned by the Consortium
- NetworkWorldFusion
- The Chronicle of Higher Education article
Cogent "carries approximately 37 petabytes per day of Internet traffic" [wikipedia]
Level 3 Inc., which claims an average traffic level of 60 petabytes/month (2004) [wikipedia]
- Level 3 acquired by CenturyLink (2017)
- CenturyLink changed its name to Lumen Technologies (2020)
Wikipedia: Internet traffic

Canadian Internet Backbone

CA*net 1990 56Kbs CANARIE (1993)
CA*net2 1996 ATM155Mbss
CA*net3 1998 OC-48 2.4Gbs
CA*net4 2002 OC-192 10Gbs
Live map (snapshot: 2021-12-05)
NREN map 2016 (traceroute www.auroracollege.nt.ca)
Canarie Network Map (2020)
Network stats
Broadband Internet Service Coverage in Canada (2014)

Québec Internet Backbone

RISQ

Ping 64bytes minimum (time in ms.)	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2016	2018	2020	2022	2024
www.usherb.ca	4.1	3.9	3.9	4.1	5.3	4.5	4.5	4.3	4.4	4.3	4.8	4.5	5.1	4.4	4.4	4.7	5.3
www.ulaval.ca	4.3	5.1	5.3	5.0	6.9	7.4	5.1	5.6	5.5	5.5	5.5	5.5	5.9		5.8	6.2	6.2
www.nrc.ca	15	29.9	29.9	30.6	30.7	16.9	8	8	7.7	8.7	8.4		4.7	4.8		7.7	8.7
www.coll-outao.qc.ca (Outaouais) www.cegepoutaouais.qc.ca(2009)		3.9	3.7	3.8	4.1	4.6	4.2	3.2	3.0	3.1	3.2		105			10	2.4
www.collegealma.ca (2024) www.calma.qc.ca www.collegealma.ca (2016)	38.5	10.4	39.6	11.3	18.4	225	8.2	18.6	8.6	8.7	8.4	9.4	8.8		1.3	1.5
www.cegep-rimouski.qc.ca		12.5	7.9		9.2	8.9	8.9	9.8	9.9	10.9	10.9	10.9	11.0	9.8	2.6	10	2.6
www.cec-chibougamau.qc.ca	44		9.7						19.3	19.7	11.5	17.6		9.4		12	11.9
www.uqat.ca (Abitibi-Témiscamingue)		16	13.6	15.9	17.6	18.5	22.5	28.3	29.2	3.13	32.5	32.3	20.7	17.7		9.1	9.7
www.cegep-baie-comeau.qc.ca*				13.6	26.5	25.8	2.2	1.3	1.2	9.0	2.0	27.6	2.0	1.7	10	11	1.9
www.cgaspesie.qc.ca				21.9	17.3									21.7	31		10.6

RISQ Hardware

Core Router: Cisco 12000 series (Cisco 12410) 200Gb $100-200K
Cisco ONS 15808 DWDM (2.5 & 10 Gbps long-haul)
Cisco ONS 15454 SONET Multiservice (up to OC-192 or 10Gbps)
Cisco ONS 15327 SONET (OC-48 & 10/100 Ethernet) (smaller version of 15454, 2.5Gbps)
Cisco ONS 15216 Metro DWDM Multiplexer (OC-48)
Cisco 6500 switch $20-$100K

McGill Backbone (wayback)

Network models

Bandwidth

Speed tester
- www.bandwidthplace.com
- www.testmyspeed.com
Home: 3–10Mbps (2011); 10–70 Mbps (2024)
iPhone: 1–3Mbps (2011); 40–60 Mbps (2024, 5G)

Created: 2003.01.14 Modified: Ichiro Fujinaga