Hardware
Sample System for Storage and Delivery of Digital Audio/Images
(all prices are in US dollars)
- Total storage (3TB) cost (as of March 2015): $5,000
- Web server with 3TB x 2: $3176
- Dell PowerEdge R320 (Intel Pentium 1403 2.60GHz, 8GB; 4x1TB): $1588
- Dell PowerEdge R520 (Intel Xeon E5-2403 1.80GHz, , 8GB; 1x2TB): $1336
- 5 2TB disks x $77: $385
- UPS: $103
- Total storage (3TB) cost (as of April 2014): $6,000
- Web server with 3TB x 2: $3288
- Dell PowerEdge R320 (Intel Pentium 1403 2.60GHz, 8GB; 4x1TB): $1644
- Dell PowerEdge R520 (Intel Xeon E5-2403 1.80GHz, , 8GB; 1x2TB): $1514
- 5 2TB disks x $104: $508
- UPS: $690
- Total storage (3TB) cost (as of March 2013): $7,000
- Web server with 3TB x 2: $3256
- Dell PowerEdge R320 (Xeon E5-1410, 2.8 GHz, 8GB; 2x2TB): $1628
- Dell PowerEdge R515 (Dual AMD Opteron 4133, 2.8Ghz, 8GB; 1x2TB): $1838
- 5 2TB disks x $100: $500
- UPS: $1406
- Total storage (3TB) cost (as of March 2012): $12,000
- Web server with 3TB x 2: $5544
- Dell PowerEdge R310 (Dual Xeon X3440, 2.53 GHz, 8GB; 4x1TB): $2772
- Dell PowerEdge R510 (Xeon E5503, 2.0Ghz, 8GB; 1x2TB): $4345
- 5 2TB disks x $120: $600
- UPS: $1511
- Total storage (3TB) cost (as of March 2011): $14,000
- Web server with 3TB x 2: $6704
- Dell PowerEdge R310 (Dual Xeon X3440, 2.53 GHz, 8GB; 4x1TB): $3352
- Dell PowerEdge R510 (Xeon E5503, 2.0Ghz, 8GB; 4x1TB): $5207
- 10 1TB disks x $50: $500
- UPS: $1589
- Total storage (3TB) cost (as of November 2009): $16,000
- Web server with 3TB x 2: $9166
- Dell PowerEdge T110 (Quad Core Xeon X3460 2.8GHz, 8GB; 4x1TB): $4583
- HP StorageWorks 1/8 G2 Tape Autoloader 8-slots LTO-4 800GB/1.6TB 80MB/s 576GB/hr (native) $4349
- 15 Ultrium/LTO 4 tapes x $38: $570 (5-6 copies)
- UPS, extra hard disks, extra media: $1915
- Total storage (3TB) cost (as of April 2008): $20,000
- Web server with 3TB x 2: $13,162
- Dell PowerEdge 840 (Quad Core Xeon X3230 2.66GHz, 8GB; 4x1TB): $6581
- HP Ultrium 920 8-slots 400/800GB 80MB/s 288GB/hr (native) $4760
- 30 Ultrium/LTO 3 tapes x $30: $900 (5-6 copies)
- UPS, extra hard disks, extra media: $1178
- Total storage (3TB) cost (as of April 2007): $28,000
- Web server with 3TB x 2: $22,050
- Dell PowerEdge 2900 (2xDual Core 2GHz 6GB; 5x750GB): $10,137
- HP Ultrium 920 8-slots 400/800GB 80MB/s 288GB/hr (native) $4760
- 30 Ultrium/LTO 3 tapes x $47: $1410 (5-6 copies)
- UPS, extra hard disks, extra media: $1556
Change in strategy: No more DVD backups. Two mirrored servers.
- Total storage (3TB) cost (as of April 2006): $33,000
- Web server with 3TB: $11900
- Apple Xserve G5 2.0Ghz server: $3400 ($3000+ $400 (5GBx$80) for total of 6GB RAM)
- Apple Xserve RAID $8500
- Autoloader 4TB Dell PowerVault 124T LTO tape backup (400GB LTO3): $5700
- 30 LTO3 tapes x $80: $2400
- Pioneer DRM3000 DVD-burner: $11000 (w/ DVD-R7322)
- 2000 DVD-R x $0.25: $500 (three copies of 3TB backup)
- UPS, extra hard disks, extra media: $1500
- Total storage (3TB) cost (as of April 2005): $40,000
- Web server with 3TB: $14600
- Apple Xserve G5 2.0Ghz server: $4600 ($3600+ $1000 for total of 6GB RAM)
- Apple Xserve RAID $10000
- Autoloader 4TB Dell PowerVault 122T LTO tape backup (200GB Ultrium): $6500
- 60 Ultrium tapes x $40: $2400
- Pioneer DRM3000 DVD-burner: $14000 (w/ DVD-R7322)
- 2000 DVD-R x $0.40: $800 (three copies of 3TB backup)
- UPS, extra hard disks, extra media: $1400
- Total storage (3TB) cost (as of April 2003): $47,000
- Web server with 3TB: $16300
- Dell PowerEdge 2600 2.8Ghz server: $5840 ($4340 + $1500 for 6GB RAM)
- Arena Indy 2600 16bay RAID5 IDE-SCSI disk array: $6300
- 16 x 200GB disks ($260 each): $4160
- Autoloader 4TB Dell PowerVault 122T LTO tape backup (200GB Ultrium): $8000
- 60 Ultrium tapes x $55: $3300
- Pioneer DRM3000 DVD-burner: $15000 (w/ DVD-R7322)
- 2000 DVD-R x $0.80: $1600 (three copies of 3TB backup)
- UPS, extra hard disks, extra media: $2100
The basic premise of this configuration is the assumption that most of
the data on this server will not change much once the digitization process
is complete, thus the use of DVDs for long-term storage and relatively
small number of tapes for backup. These specifications, however, will
constantly change, for example, 400GB Ultrium/LTO tapes are already available.
Basic cost of storage media:
- $0.045/GB (hard disk) $0.015/GB(LTO-5 tape) $0.053/GB (DVD) 2014/04
- $0.06/GB (hard disk) $0.031/GB(LTO-5 tape) $0.042/GB (DVD) 2012/04
- $0.037/GB (hard disk) $0.042/GB(LTO-5 tape) $0.026/GB (DVD) 2011/03
- $0.09/GB (hard disk) $0.04/GB(LTO-4 tape) $0.04/GB (DVD) 2009/11
- $0.18/GB (hard disk) $0.08/GB(LTO-3 tape) $0.05/GB (DVD) 2008/04
- $0.28/GB (hard disk) $0.11/GB(LTO-3 tape) $0.05/GB (DVD) 2007/04
- $0.54/GB (hard disk) $0.18/GB(LTO-3 tape) $0.06/GB (DVD) 2006/04
- $0.71/GB (hard disk) $0.23/GB(Ultrium tape) $0.09/GB (DVD) 2005/04
- $1.50/GB (hard disk) $0.25/GB(Ultrium tape)
$0.15/GB (DVD) 2003/04
Details and alternatives
- Axus RAID Systems
- Servers
- Apple
Xserve 2xDual Core 2.0Ghz: $3960 ($3000+ $960 (6GBx$160)
for total of 6GB RAM)
Apple Xserve RAID (7x500GB) $8200 07/03/30 - Dell PowerEdge 600SC ATA (P4 2.4, 2.8, 3GHz; 4 drives)
- Dell PowerEdge 1600SC ATA (2 x Xeon 1.8, 2.0, 2.4, 2.8GHz; 4 drives)
- Compaq Proliant ML310 ATA 2.53Ghz
- Compaq Proliant ML330 G3 ATA
- HP Proliant ML370 G3 2.8Ghz Xeon 12GB (8 drives)
- HP Proliant ML350, ML530
- IBM xSeries 205 (P4 2.4, 2.8 GHz) 2GB 4 disks
- IBM xSeries 225 2.8GHz 4GB 7 disks 2-way
- IBM xSeries 235 2.8GHz 12GB 8 disks 2-way
- Apple
Xserve 2xDual Core 2.0Ghz: $3960 ($3000+ $960 (6GBx$160)
for total of 6GB RAM)
- Tape drives
- HP Ultrium 460 Q1509A 400GB 30MB/s $5400 tapeserv 03/04/08
- HP 1/8 Ultrium tape autoloader C9572CB 1.6TB 30MB/s 108GB/hr
- IBM Modular Tape Library 4560SLX 30-LTO $7600 + drive 59P6658 $6000 + cartridge $475 03/04/07
- IBM 2U SDLT Tape Autoloader 16-catridge (3.52TB) $10200 03/04/07
- StorageTek L20 Tape Library 10-cartridge $12000 (200GB) 03/04/08
- Hard disks
- Seagate Desktop HDD.15 ST4000DM000 4TB 64MB Cache SATA 6.0Gb/s 3.5" $179 newegg.ca 14/04/08
- Seagate Barracuda ST2000DM001 2TB 7200 RPM 64MB Cache SATA 6.0Gb/s 3.5" $93 newegg.ca 14/04/08
- Seagate Barracuda Green ST2000DL003 2TB 5900RPM $119 newegg.com 12/04/02
- Western Digital Caviar Green WD10EADS 1TB 7200 RPM SATA 32MB $85 newegg.com 09/11/18
- Hitachi Deskstar T7k500 500GB 7200 RPM SATA 16MB $90 newegg.com 08/04/02
- Maxtor MaxLine Pro 500 500GB 7200 RPM SATA 3.0Gb/s $140 newegg.com 07/03/30
- Hitachi 400GB 7200RPM 8MB $283 newegg.com 05/04/07
- WD Caviar 250GB 7200RPM 8MB $370 srsystems.com 03/04/08
- Maxtor MaxLine II Plus 7200RPM 8MB 250GB $415 computer4sure.com 03/04/08
Media
- Ultrium (100/200 GB)
- $49 @1 Maxell dartek.com 03/04/03
- $52 @1 Sony provantage.com 03/04/03
- $52 @1 Imation ebuyer.com 03/04/03
- $53 @1 Imation disk-o-tape.com 03/04/03
- $53 @1 Verbatim computergiants.com 03/04/03
- $53 @1 Fuji thenerds.net 03/04/03
- $54 @1 Fuji basoncomputer.com 03/04/03
- DVD-R
- $0.25 @100 tigerdirect.com 14/04/08
- $0.20 @100 tigerdirect.com 12/04/02
- $0.20 @100 tigerdirect.com 11/03/30
- $0.20 @250 www.ecrater.com 09/11/18
- $0.23 @200 tigerdirect.com 08/04/02
- $0.25 @1000 supermediastore.com 07/04/03
- $0.22 @1000 compcdr.com 06/03/30
- $0.46 @100 provantage.com 06/03/30
- $0.72 @1000 cdrom2go.com 03/04/03
- $0.74 @100 rima.com 03/04/03
- $0.78 @200 allmediaoutlet.com 03/04/03
- $0.79 @500 cdrdvdr.com 03/04/03
- $0.79 @500 hypermicro.com 03/04/03
- $0.80 @500 supermedia.com 03/04/03
- $0.85 @500 shop4tech.com 03/04/03
- Alternatives
- Ultrium II (200/400GB)
- $116 @1 Fuji provantage.com 03/04/05
- $40 @1 HP provantage.com 06/03/30
- LTO3 Ultrium (400/800GB)
- $80 @1 Maxell provantage.com 06/03/30
- $47 @1 Maxell amazon.com 07/03/29
- $30 @1 Maxel backuptapes.com 08/04/02
- LTO4 Ultirum (800/1600GB)
- $88 @1 HP backuptapes.com 08/04/02
- $38 @1 Fuji www.backupworks.com 09/11/18
- LTO5 Ultrium (1.5/3TB)
- $67 @1 Sony www.backuptapes.net 11/03/30
- $47 @1 Sony www.backuptapes.net 12/04/02
- $22 @1 TDK www.backuptapes.net 14/04/08
- Super DLT (220/320 GB)
- $88 @1 Imation thenerds,net 03/04/04
- Hard drives
- $70 (2TB, internal) Seagate Barracuda Green amazon.com 11/03/30
- DVD-R double-sided 9.4GB
- $3.10 @50 cdrom2go.com 03/04/04
- $0.74 @50 compcdr.com 06/03/30
- Ultrium II (200/400GB)
- Effective bandwidth
- SCSI 160MB/s RAID controller effective bandwidth: 95MB/s
- Ultra ATA-100 100MB/s
- Serial ATA (SATA) 3Gbits/s: 300MB/s
- GigaEthernet 100MB/s FastEthernet 10MB/s
- DVD-R 1x write: 1385KB/s 4.986GB/hr (84 days to backup 3TB)
RAID
- RAID 0: Striping
- RAID 1: Mirror
- RAID 5: Distributed parity
- RAID 10: Mirror+striping
- RAID 0, 1, 5, and 10 with diagrams
