Synthesis Theory - Chapter 6
Modulation Synthesis
- Bipolar and Unipolar Signals (Jan. 14)
- Ring Modulation (Jan. 14, 16)
- Negative Frequencies
- Application of RM
- Analog Ring Modulation and Frequency Shifting
- Amplitude Modulation (Jan. 16, 21)
- AM Instruments
- Modulation Index
- Frequency Modulation (Jan. 21, 23)
Also see Moore, 316-32.
- Background: Frequency Modulation
- Frequency Modulation and Phase Modulation
- Simple FM
- C:M Ratio (C+kM and C-kM, k=0,1,2,...)
- Modulation Index and Bandwidth
- Index: I = D/M
- Sideband pairs ~ I + 1
- FM bandwidth ~ 2 * (D + M)
- Reflected Sidebands
- The FM Formula (FM = A * sin(C + [I * sin(M)]))
- Bessel Functions
- Digital Implementations of FM
- Applications of Simple FM
- Exponential FM
- Analysis and FM
- Multiple-Carrier FM (Jan. 28)
- Musical Applications of MC FM
- Multiple-Modulator FM
- Parallel MM FM
- Series MM FM
- Musical Applications of MM FM
- Feedback FM
- Background: Feedback Oscillators
- One-oscillator Feedback
- Two-oscillator Feedback
- Three-oscillator Indirect Feedback
- Phase Distortion
- Waveshaping Synthesis (Jan. 30)
Also see Moore 332-7.
- Simple Waveshaping Instrument
- Example Shaping Functions
- Amplitude Sensitivity of Waveshaping Spectrum
- Chebychev Shaping Functions
- Amplitude Normalization
- Variations on Waveshaping
- Movable Waveshaping
- Fractional Waveshaping
- Postprocessing and Parameter Estimation
- General Modulations
Csound Example
Score file
Orchestra file
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