- the minor-mode regions of the submediant (VI), mediant (III), and supertonic (II)
- four to eight measures
- one or more phrase functions, typically, the concluding function
- the establishment of a large model, its sequential repetition, fragmentation into smaller units, closure with a HC (or dominant arrival), and a postcadential standing on the dominant
- the appearance of main-theme material in a development key, relatively late in the development section
- the appearance of cadential function in that region
- Erwin Ratz
- the dynamics, rhythm, texture, and emotional character typical of a core; it lacks the use of genuine model-sequence technique
- dominant of the submediant (V/VI), dominant of the mediant (V/III); both of these harmonies contain the leading tone of the home key
- a unit that begins in one key with a standard initiating function (e.g., presentation), modulates to some other key, and closes with a HC (or dominant arrival)