Time-domain synthesis of conical bore instrument sounds

The Conical Waveguide Equivalent Circuit

The conical waveguide:

**Figure 3:** A conical waveguide.
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A conic frustum can be represented by a cylindrical waveguide section, two acoustic inertances, and a transformer (Benade, 1988).

**Figure 4:** Equivalent circuit of a conical waveguide.
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An ideal open end ( $Z_{L} = 0$ ) will ``short-circuit'' an input/output inertance.